Home - MOLDPOS MOLDPOS - National GNSS https://www.moldpos.md.ingeocad.md/index.php 2026-09-07T16:04:15+03:00 Joomla! - Open Source Content Management Bine ati venit 2012-02-09T12:05:33+02:00 2012-02-09T12:05:33+02:00 https://www.moldpos.md.ingeocad.md/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=93:dobro-pozhalovat-2&catid=93&Itemid=435&lang=RO <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>RU</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> 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justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO">Sistem Satelitar de Navigaţie Globală</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> (</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-GB">GNSS</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO"> este o denumire cumulativă pentru cîteva sisteme satelitare de navigaţie destinate determinării poziţiei (coordonatelor bi- sau tridimensionale) a obiectelor situate pe suprafaţa terestră sau deasupra acesteia.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO">Astfel de sisteme satelitare sunt</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-US">:</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-US">• </span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO">Sistemul american de determinare a poziţiei </span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="IT">GPS</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-US">),</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-US">• </span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO">Sistemul Rusesc </span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO">Satelitar de Navigaţie Globală</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> (</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="NO-BOK">GLONASS</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-US">).</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO">În momentul de faţă</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO"> aceste sisteme funcţionează independent una de alta</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-US">. </span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="IT">Utilizatorul lucrează cu una din sistemele în dependenţă de receptorul ales. Sistemul american GPS este mai frecvent utilizat</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO">.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO">În aplicaţii geodezice se utilizează tot mai multe receptoare cu&nbsp;<span>capacitatea recepţionării semnalelor atît de la GPS cît şi de la GLONASS</span>. Aceasta măreşte accesibilitatea, în special dacă există obstacole în calea semnalului (de ex. edificii sau arbori înalţi). Serviciul European Geostaţionar Mixt de Navigare (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service - EGNOS) complineşte sistemul GPS cu sateliţi suplimentari, ceea ce sporeşte precizia şi fiabilitatea măsurătorilor poziţiei pe teritoriul Europei.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO"></span>&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO">Receptoarele determină poziţia obiectelor pe care sunt instalate cu ajutorul semnalelor satelitare. Pentru determinarea coordonatelor receptorul recepţionează semnalele de la cel puţin patru sateliţi.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO">Precizia şi fiabilitatea sistemelor </span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="IT">GNSS existente sunt limitate. Precizia medie a sistemului GPS pentru aplicaţii civile variază între 1 şi 3&nbsp;metri, alteori fiind şi mai joasă. Întrucît sistemul GPS </span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO">este în mîinile armatei SUA</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="IT">,</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO"> cea din urmă poate manipula precizia de poziţionare reieşind din considerente strategice. Acesta şi mai mult diminuează fiabilitatea datelor despre poziţie. În momentul de faţă, precizia sistemului GPS constituie, în majoritatea cazurilor, cca.&nbsp;1&nbsp;m, nefiind însă garantată. Prin urmare, aplicaţiile tehnice ce necesită precizie garantată nu pot conta doar pe GPS. În unele cazuri precizia necesară poate fi de cîţiva centimetri.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="IT">Pentru aceste cazuri şi există sistemul MOLDPOS<sup>©</sup>.</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>RU</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> 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style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> (</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-GB">GNSS</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO"> este o denumire cumulativă pentru cîteva sisteme satelitare de navigaţie destinate determinării poziţiei (coordonatelor bi- sau tridimensionale) a obiectelor situate pe suprafaţa terestră sau deasupra acesteia.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO">Astfel de sisteme satelitare sunt</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-US">:</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-US">• </span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO">Sistemul american de determinare a poziţiei </span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="IT">GPS</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-US">),</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-US">• </span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO">Sistemul Rusesc </span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO">Satelitar de Navigaţie Globală</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-US"> (</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="NO-BOK">GLONASS</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-US">).</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO">În momentul de faţă</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO"> aceste sisteme funcţionează independent una de alta</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-US">. </span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="IT">Utilizatorul lucrează cu una din sistemele în dependenţă de receptorul ales. Sistemul american GPS este mai frecvent utilizat</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO">.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO">În aplicaţii geodezice se utilizează tot mai multe receptoare cu&nbsp;<span>capacitatea recepţionării semnalelor atît de la GPS cît şi de la GLONASS</span>. Aceasta măreşte accesibilitatea, în special dacă există obstacole în calea semnalului (de ex. edificii sau arbori înalţi). Serviciul European Geostaţionar Mixt de Navigare (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service - EGNOS) complineşte sistemul GPS cu sateliţi suplimentari, ceea ce sporeşte precizia şi fiabilitatea măsurătorilor poziţiei pe teritoriul Europei.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO"></span>&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO">Receptoarele determină poziţia obiectelor pe care sunt instalate cu ajutorul semnalelor satelitare. Pentru determinarea coordonatelor receptorul recepţionează semnalele de la cel puţin patru sateliţi.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO">Precizia şi fiabilitatea sistemelor </span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="IT">GNSS existente sunt limitate. Precizia medie a sistemului GPS pentru aplicaţii civile variază între 1 şi 3&nbsp;metri, alteori fiind şi mai joasă. Întrucît sistemul GPS </span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO">este în mîinile armatei SUA</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="IT">,</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="RO"> cea din urmă poate manipula precizia de poziţionare reieşind din considerente strategice. Acesta şi mai mult diminuează fiabilitatea datelor despre poziţie. În momentul de faţă, precizia sistemului GPS constituie, în majoritatea cazurilor, cca.&nbsp;1&nbsp;m, nefiind însă garantată. Prin urmare, aplicaţiile tehnice ce necesită precizie garantată nu pot conta doar pe GPS. În unele cazuri precizia necesară poate fi de cîţiva centimetri.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="IT">Pentru aceste cazuri şi există sistemul MOLDPOS<sup>©</sup>.</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p>